This course is a study of the three the Indian Heterodox systems (Nastikadarsanas) such as Carvaka, Buddhism and Jainism. Essential characteristics of Indian thought, the teachings of the Vedas, the Upanishads and the Bhagavad–Gita are introduced in the beginning of the course It will discuss the metaphysics, epistemology and the ethical systems of these three counter movements. This course is intended to make learners aware of the rich heritage and aims in creating a sense of universal human hood and a living spirituality.
- Vellarackal, Paul, Darsanas: Classical Indian Philosophy (Kottayam: OIRSI, 2016).
- Sharma, Chandrahar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2003).
- Thachil, Jose, An Initiation to Indian Philosophy (Alwaye: Pontifical Institute of Theology and Philosophy, 2001).
- Chandra, Jagdish, Bharathiya Darshana (Varanasi: Chaukhambaa Surbharthi, 2012).
- Arnold, Edwin, Light of Asia (New Delhi: Inter print, 1985).
- Thambi, Narayana, Dharmapadam (Thelappuram: Njanabhavan, 1979).
- Barua, B.M., History of Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1945).
- Shah, Natubhai, Jainism: The World of Conquerors (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2003).